The age of industrialisation class 10
Industrialization 1850s - 1950s :
The age of industrialisation class 10
(a) contest between the form of industrialization in Britain and India.
(b) relationship between Handicrafts and industrial production formal and informal sector.
(C) Livelihood of workers.
• In 1900, a popular music publisher E.T. PAULL produced a music book that had your picture on the the cover page, which shows a gooddess like figure learning the flag of the New Century, Standing On A wheel to ymbolise time, her flight symbolises progress.
• the history of industrialisation is simply a story of development and the modern age is the time of technological developments.
• before the factorization were started in England and Europe, where was large scale industrial production known as proto- industrialisation
• In this system, poor peasants and artisans worked for the merchants.
• the earliest factories in England where set up in 1730.
• Richard Arkwright created the Cotton mill.
• industrial workers were known as factory workers.
• the main industries of England where cotton and metal.
• the worker in the mid- nineteenth century was a traditional crafts person and labourer.
• in england the upper classes preferred things produced by hand because they were better finished and especially designed
• machine made goods were exported the colonies.
• from the very beginning of the industrial age advertisement have played a part in expanding the markets for products and in a new consumer culture.
• the industrial revolution : by the term industrial revolution we mean those important development and inventions which revolutionixed the technique of production in the letter half of the 18th century. After the industrial revolution, the new mechanics and steam power were used in place of animal and Manual power, for the production the things. the Revelation replaced cottage industry by the factories.
• spinning Jenny : this machine was invented by Hargreaves in 1764 this machine speeded up the spinning work.
• Imperial preference : it means a special preference for privileges given to British schools which were imported in India British preferred their goods to Indian goods so that their Industries could fairies at the cost of the Indian industries.
Proto-industrialisation
Proto industrialisation was the early phase of industrialisation in Europe and England. when there was large scale industrial production for an international market. this was not based on factories.
it was successful in the countryside in England due to follow reason.
• the peasants had been shut out of village common due to enclosure moment.
• they now looked for alternative source of income.
Enumerate the feature of the proto industrial system
(i) it was a decentralised system of production.
(ii) control on production was in the hands of merchant but goods were produced by a vast number of producer working in their family farms.
(iii) whole of the family was involved.
(iv) Each merechant was controlling hundred of workers.
(v) by working for their merchants worker would remain in the countryside and continue to cultivate their small plots.
Principal Industries: cotton and metals were the most dynamic industries in Britain cotton was the leading sector in the first phase up to the 1840s.
After that the iron industry lead the way with expansion of Railways in England from 1840s and in 1860s demand for Iron and Steel increased.
Life of the worker:
Abundance of labor affected the life of workers badly.
Labour was seasonal.
Fear of unemployment made workers hostile to new technology.
Women labors protested against the introduction of the Spinning Jenny.
Introduction of railways opened greater opportunities.
Industrialisation in the colonies:
Textile industry was the center of industrialization in India.
Age of Indian textiles
Finer varieties of cotton from India were exported.
A vibrant sea trade operated through pre-colonial ports.
What happened to weavers?
East India Company appointed “gomasthas” to collect supply from weavers.
Weavers lost bargaining power and lost lands for settling loans.
Gomasthas:
The Gomasthas were paid servants whose job was to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth.
The aim of the East India Company behind appointing gomasthas was to work out a system of management and control that would eliminate competition, control costs and ensure regular supplies of cotton and silk.
Soon there were clashes between the weavers and the gomasthas who began ill-treating the weavers.
They did not allow the company weavers to sell their produce to other buyers. Once an order
was placed, the weavers were given loans to purchase the raw material. Weavers who had accepted loans from the company had to hand over the cloth they produced to the gomasthas only.
The weavers were forced to sell their goods to company’s officials.
When the American Civil War broke out and cotton supplies from the US were cut off, Britain’s demand for raw cotton from India increased.
By 1950s, India began to import Manchester cotton from Britain.
With the rise in Manchester imports, Indian export and local market declined.
Supply of raw cotton in India decreased.
Weavers were forced to buy cotton at high prices.
Industries were set up in different regions.
First cotton mill came in Bombay in 1854.
The first jute mill came up in Bengal in 1855.
1830s-1840s—Dwarakanath Tagore setup six-joint stock companies in Bengal.
Capital was accumulated through other trade networks.
Till the First World War European managing agencies in fact controlled large sectors of Indian industries.
Where did the workers come from?
Most of the workers came from Indian villages.
Peculiarities of industrial growth:
Early Indian cotton mills made coarse cotton yam.
During the First World War Manchester imports to India declined.
Indian factories supplied goods for war needs.
Small scale industries predominated:
Most of the Industries were located in Bengal and Bombay.
A small portion of total industrial labor worked in factories.
Use of fly shuttle increased handicraft.
When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles, to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. When buyers saw ‘Made in Manchester’, written in bold on the label, they felt confident to buy the cloth.
The labels carried images and were beautifully illustrated with images of Indian gods and goddesses. The printed image of Krishna or Saraswati was also intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land, appear familiar to Indians.
Manufacturers also printed calendars to popularize their products.
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud. If you care for the nation,. then buy only ‘Indian’ products. Advertisements became a vehicle of the nationalist message of Swadeshi
Abundance of labor affected the life of workers badly.
Labour was seasonal.
Fear of unemployment made workers hostile to new technology.
Women labors protested against the introduction of the Spinning Jenny.
Introduction of railways opened greater opportunities.
Industrialisation in the colonies:
Textile industry was the center of industrialization in India.
Age of Indian textiles
Finer varieties of cotton from India were exported.
A vibrant sea trade operated through pre-colonial ports.
What happened to weavers?
East India Company appointed “gomasthas” to collect supply from weavers.
Weavers lost bargaining power and lost lands for settling loans.
Gomasthas:
The Gomasthas were paid servants whose job was to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth.
The aim of the East India Company behind appointing gomasthas was to work out a system of management and control that would eliminate competition, control costs and ensure regular supplies of cotton and silk.
Soon there were clashes between the weavers and the gomasthas who began ill-treating the weavers.
They did not allow the company weavers to sell their produce to other buyers. Once an order
was placed, the weavers were given loans to purchase the raw material. Weavers who had accepted loans from the company had to hand over the cloth they produced to the gomasthas only.
The weavers were forced to sell their goods to company’s officials.
When the American Civil War broke out and cotton supplies from the US were cut off, Britain’s demand for raw cotton from India increased.
Manchester comes to India:
By 1950s, India began to import Manchester cotton from Britain.
With the rise in Manchester imports, Indian export and local market declined.
Supply of raw cotton in India decreased.
Weavers were forced to buy cotton at high prices.
Factories come up:
Industries were set up in different regions.
First cotton mill came in Bombay in 1854.
The first jute mill came up in Bengal in 1855.
1830s-1840s—Dwarakanath Tagore setup six-joint stock companies in Bengal.
Capital was accumulated through other trade networks.
Till the First World War European managing agencies in fact controlled large sectors of Indian industries.
Where did the workers come from?
Most of the workers came from Indian villages.
Peculiarities of industrial growth:
Early Indian cotton mills made coarse cotton yam.
During the First World War Manchester imports to India declined.
Indian factories supplied goods for war needs.
Small scale industries predominated:
Most of the Industries were located in Bengal and Bombay.
A small portion of total industrial labor worked in factories.
Use of fly shuttle increased handicraft.
Market for goods:
Advertisements helps in creating new consumers.When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles, to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. When buyers saw ‘Made in Manchester’, written in bold on the label, they felt confident to buy the cloth.
The labels carried images and were beautifully illustrated with images of Indian gods and goddesses. The printed image of Krishna or Saraswati was also intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land, appear familiar to Indians.
Manufacturers also printed calendars to popularize their products.
When Indian manufacturers advertised, the nationalist message was clear and loud. If you care for the nation,. then buy only ‘Indian’ products. Advertisements became a vehicle of the nationalist message of Swadeshi
Industrial revolution in England affected India economy
Effects of industrial revolution in England on India economy.
• before the industrial revolution India was a major producer of cotton Indigo but after regulation it suffered a rest back
• industrial revolution in a world England to produce more and more goods at cheaper rates are their chose India a vast market.
• the industrial decoration the India artisans and handicrafts out of jobs.
• heavy dudes were imposed on Indian goods.
Modes of Industrialization
Different strategies and methods of industrialization have been followed at different times and places with varying degrees of success.
In this post we learn history the age of industrialisation class 10 notes.
Conclusions
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We provide short summary and some exam notes of all subjects and for all classes.this notes is related to class 12th commerce/arts indian economy notes.In our page we learn all classes subjects and different knowledge.our youtube channel also available so you get for information go to channel.now we work on application for all classes and easy way to get notes and pdf of exam idea so you ready to learn from our easy adda.
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